What Is Subbase Made Of & Why Does It Matter?
Subbase is one of the most important parts of laying strong foundations for construction and landscaping projects. But what is subbase made of, and why is it so important?
The answer might be obvious to some, but when you’re working on different types of groundwork, the details can make all the difference. Knowing what subbase is made of can make choosing the right aggregates easier and enhance the overall quality of your build.
This is because understanding what subbase material is gives you more control over the results. You’ll know when to go for compacted granular materials and when recycled aggregates might offer the same strength at a lower cost.
If you want solid, lasting groundwork, it all starts at the subbase. In this blog, we’ll cover the most common subbase materials used in construction, along with what to look for and when each type is the best fit.
What Is Subbase Material?
Subbase material is typically made up of crushed, compactable elements that create a firm layer, suitable for withstanding heavy loads. It needs to bind well when compacted to support heavy use without shifting, while also allowing for proper drainage so water doesn’t sit below the surface.
Every solid build starts from the ground up, and that’s where the subbase layer makes a difference. It ensures that the structures above, such as patios and driveways, stay strong, stable, and level over time.
For most groundwork jobs, it’s the subbase doing all the heavy lifting. It endures the weight and gives the whole build a better chance of lasting without constant patch-ups. You might not see it visibly once the project is complete, but a solid subbase quietly does its job in the background and prevents frequent maintenance.
A good subbase material will always work with the ground, not against it, helping to reduce movement and prevent issues like cracking, sinking, puddling, or surface lifting later down the line.
Common Types of Subbase Materials
There are some tried-and-tested subbase materials that are commonly used in groundwork projects across the UK. All of them have their own strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right materials depends entirely on what you’re building.
Here are some of the most common types of subbase materials used in projects:
1. Type 1 MOT
Type 1 MOT is made from crushed stone, such as limestone, granite, or sometimes concrete, and it compacts down really well. It’s often used in driveways, roads, patios, pathways, and anywhere that needs a strong, stable base.
2. Type 2 & Type 3 Subbase
Type 2 is similar to MOT Type 1 but contains a higher proportion of fines. It compacts nicely, but isn’t ideal for drainage-heavy areas. Type 3 is more open and drains better, which makes it suitable for Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) or any jobs where water build-up may be a potential issue.
3. Recycled Aggregates
Recycled aggregates are a solid option if you’re tight on budget, as they’re made from crushed concrete, brick, and other reclaimed materials and can help you save money. They’re a sustainable alternative that can be used for paths, access tracks, driveways, or even as fill materials.
4. Scalpings
Scalpings are a cheaper alternative to Type 1 aggregates and are usually made up of limestone or granite. They are a by-product of the quarrying process and form a rough mix with a fine texture. They also bind well when compacted, making them ideal for surfaces where a durable and stable base is required.
5. Sand
Sand is commonly used for lighter construction tasks or as a bedding layer beneath paving, blocks, or pipes. It provides good drainage and creates a level base, but it isn’t strong enough to support heavy loads.
Why Does Subbase Material Matter?
Subbase aggregates play a vital role in groundwork because they form the load-bearing layer. Choosing a material that compacts properly and provides adequate drainage is essential; otherwise, the project may suffer from poor build quality and long-term structural issues.
Choosing the right subbase materials means your build lasts longer, and you don’t have to keep coming back to patch it up for issues such as cracking, sinking, or surface lifting.
The right subbase material also impacts how easy the rest of your project will be to complete. A stable, well-draining base makes the process of laying the surface above smoother and more efficient. It also reduces the chances of unexpected delays caused by ground movement or water damage down the line.
Contact Middleton Aggregates for Reliable Subbase Materials
Now you know what a subbase is made of and how much the subbase materials can impact the quality of your build, you may be looking for a trusted supplier to help you with your next groundwork job. That’s where Middleton Aggregates may be able to help you.
At Middleton Aggregates, we supply a wide range of durable aggregates and fill materials for various construction and landscaping projects. We also offer a plant hire service to meet all your construction needs.
Operating from Blackborough End, King’s Lynn, we serve Norfolk, Suffolk, Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, and the wider UK. Our team of industry experts is always available to provide you with the best advice on any questions you may have.
For more information on our products and services, visit our website or contact us to find out more.
